Granuloma removal refers to the medical procedure used to eliminate granulomas, which are small areas of inflammation caused by a collection of immune cells called macrophages. Granulomas form as a result of the body's attempt to wall off substances it perceives as foreign but is unable to eliminate. These substances can include bacteria, fungi, parasites, or non-living materials such as suture material or other foreign bodies. Granulomas are commonly associated with conditions like tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, and certain fungal or bacterial infections. They can also occur in response to foreign materials introduced during surgery or trauma. The formation of granulomas is part of the body's chronic inflammatory response to persistent irritants or infections. Symptoms associated with granulomas depend on their size, location, and underlying cause. Many granulomas are asymptomatic and found incidentally during imaging for other conditions. When symptoms do occur, they may include localized pain, swelling, or a palpable lump. In cases where granulomas affect internal organs, symptoms may vary widely; for example, lung granulomas may cause cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain, while those in the liver may lead to abdominal discomfort or jaundice. Granuloma removal is typically considered when granulomas cause significant symptoms, become infected, or there is a suspicion of malignancy. Removal may also be necessary for diagnostic purposes or if the granuloma interferes with the function of affected tissues or organs. The procedure for removing a granuloma depends on its location and size and may range from a minimally invasive technique, such as a needle biopsy, to more extensive surgical excision. Complications of granuloma removal can include infection, bleeding, scarring, and, depending on the site, potential damage to surrounding tissues or organs. In some cases, granulomas may recur if the underlying cause is not adequately treated or if foreign material remains in the body. Therefore, it is essential to address the underlying cause and provide appropriate medical treatment alongside or after removal to prevent recurrence and ensure optimal outcomes for the patient.
